5, Modi’s government altered India’s relationship with Jammu and Kashmir. The monthly breakdown of ceasefire violation data from the Indian Army officials demonstrates that the number of violations has significantly escalated since August 2019. It is not merely the data on yearly ceasefire violations that is so striking. Raju - the top military officer responsible for the Line of Control in Kashmir - told me that “Pakistan’s persistence in infiltrating terrorists, proliferating false propaganda are intended to disturb peace and its actions are unlikely to change anytime soon.” Raju, the commander of the Srinagar-based Chinar Corps, if he expected the situation on the Line of Control to improve in the wake of the pandemic. The Indian military should have been prepared for increased activity along the Line of Control. Notwithstanding the disparity in exact numbers - much depends on how either country defines a ceasefire violation - it clearly points to the fact that the Line of Control has been “hot” this summer. 1, compared to 1,924 during the same period in 2019 and 994 in 2018. Data provided by Indian Army officials show that there have been 3,104 ceasefire violations as of Sept. 6, which have left 17 civilians dead and 168 seriously injured. According to Pakistani news reports, there have been 2,158 ceasefire violations by India this year as of Sept. The number of ceasefire violations on the de facto border between the two countries in Jammu and Kashmir, called the Line of Control, has increased significantly. While the world’s attention has been focused on the Sino-Indian border recently, tensions between India and Pakistan have been overlooked. Recent diplomatic efforts with China are a good start. It won’t be easy due to India’s domestic politics and geopolitical considerations, but there are no other viable alternatives. India will have to boldly rework its strategy to deal with this challenge and accommodate either of the adversaries. India’s efforts to project power outside South Asia and assume a more prominent global role would be put on hold. The result would be bad for India and its partners - New Delhi’s political attention, military posture, and diplomatic efforts would be bogged down at its borders. The limited stocking of ammunition and stores has placed the Indian military at a disadvantage as New Delhi confronts a real two-and-a-half-front challenge, with China as the primary aggressor at its borders. The planning, and the limited resource accretion, was aimed at India fighting a short, aggressive 10-day war against Pakistan while holding its defenses against China. That covenant was based on an unstated understanding that if there was a war-like situation between India and Pakistan, China was unlikely to intervene directly. Over the last decade, India’s military leadership has invoked the two-front threat to demand a greater share of national resources for the modernization of its armed forces. Ironically, New Delhi’s moves in Kashmir - a longstanding objective of Modi’s political party designed, in part, to stabilize or quell India’s security challenges with Pakistan - and its strident rhetoric on border disputes with China contributed to the country’s current predicament. A pincer move by either of them would be made worse by the opening of another internal half-front in the Kashmir Valley, where anti-India sentiment is at an all-time high after the Indian federal government instituted harsh security measures against the restive population last year. Hostilities with both countries have no end in sight. India’s border dispute with China turned deadly this summer for the first time in decades. In August 2019, New Delhi changed the legal status of Kashmir (which Pakistan also claims) by abrogating Article 370 of the Indian constitution, sending the relationship into a nosedive. The two countries exchanged airstrikes in the weeks that followed. Ties with Pakistan remain tense more than a year after a Pakistan-based terrorist group killed 40 Indian soldiers in a suicide bombing. Unfortunately for Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his government, India is close to realizing this nightmare scenario. But a collaborative threat from both adversaries would overstretch India’s resources and pose a formidable challenge. By leveraging its size, military strength, and eventually its nuclear arsenal, New Delhi believed it could deter or manage a conflict with either one of its nuclear-armed neighbors individually. For more than five decades, the Indian military has feared one thing above all else - a two-front war with China and Pakistan.